Two new papers have looked more closely at the mommy penalty and even identified how women who have no children are affected.
Whether we look at a cartoon on women's "mental load" at home or a recent study on the gender pay gap in Denmark, the problem is the mommy penalty.
Confirming that children add to the gender pay gap, the motherhood penalty and the fatherhood bonus each create more of a spread between female and male earnings.
By focusing on social norms that determine the division of labor at home and traditional workplace incentives, we can narrow the gender pay gap.
We can see that the gender pay gap is about so much more than the firm when we look at marriage, children, home responsibilities, and education.
Our everyday economics includes GDP, human capital, price system, public goods, taxes, gender pay gap, externalities, subsidies, marriage economics and ROI.
Because men and women associate competence, confidence, and authority with a deeper voice, gender inequality can be caused by how women speak.





