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The fiscal challenges that Japan's shrinking population has created come from a shrinking birth rate and an aging population.
Precise numbers can become misleading statistics when politicians, journalists and scholars use them for jobs projections and GDP totals.
As our first Throwback Thursday, we look at the present and the past with the 2,000 barrel beer tanks that traveled on the Erie Canal.
Shown through grades that are mostly Cs and Ds, state pension problems display unrealistic fiscal policy decisions for an aging population.

Hello Everyone-
I’m Elaine.
Having been in the classroom for decades, written three books (and some of a fourth one), I like to think about economics everywhere all the time. Every day, I’ve added a blog to econlife—now it has been almost 14 years and more than 4,000 posts. I am delighted that you are here and hope we can have some economic fun together.










